NATIONAL GUIDANCE:  BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PREPARING VESSELS INTENDED TO CREATE ARTIFICIAL REEFS
This document was jointly developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Oceans and Coastal Protection Division within the Office of Water and the Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration. To assist in early stages of document development, an interagency workgroup was established by Laura S. Johnson of EPA. The following agencies actively participated on this workgroup

  • Maritime Administration
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • United States Army Corps of Engineers
  • United States Fish and Wildlife Service
  • United States Coast Guard
  • United States Department of the Navy
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT REPORT, SPAWAR - SAN DIEGO, CA - 9/2006

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT REPORT, YUKON - SAN DIEGO, CA - 1/2005

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION - SHIP DISPOSAL PROGRAM:  ARTIFICIAL REEF PROGRAM, 10/2005
A presentation by MARAD regarding their position on the process of acquiring retired vessels for the purpose of creating man-made reefs from ships, including the laws which must be adhered to, an overview of how ships are acquired along with the challenges involved with the current system.

CAN ARTIFICIAL REEFS REDUCE OR ALTER USER PRESSURE - 4/2005

THE EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON ARTIFICIAL REEFS - SARASOTA BAY, FL - 5/2001

PETRARCH'S PRINCIPLE:  HOW PROTECTED HUMAN-MADE REEFS CAN HELP THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FISHERIES AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, 2000
Pitcher, Tony J. and Seaman, William Jr. "Petrarch's Principle:  how protected human-made reefs can help the reconstruction of fisheries and marine ecosystems."  FISH AND FISHERIES 2000 (1):  73-81.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT, YUKON - SAN DIEGO, CA - 9/1999